Teacher Leadership as a Driver of Transformational Change in Education at Vernacular (SJKT) School
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70148/rise.v2i5.4Keywords:
Teacher leadership; transformational leadership; SJKT school; primary school; educational outcomeAbstract
https://rise.teknologi.edu.my/index.php/journal/submission?id=62#details
References
Abdullah Kamal, S. S. L., Masnan, A. H., & Hashim, N. H. (2022). Parental involvement in young children’s education in Malaysia: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 21(3), 319-341. DOI: 10.26803/ijlter.21.3.17
Adams, D. (2018). Teacher leadership: Going beyond classroom. International Online Journal of Educational Leadership, 2(1), 1-3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323116238_Teacher_Leadership_Going_Beyond_Classroom
Adams, D., Moosa, V., Shareefa, M., Mohamed, A., & Tan, K. L. (2024). Assessing inclusive school leadership practices in Malaysia: Instrument adaptation and validation. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 72(2), 263–281. DOI: 10.1080/1034912X.2024.2354895
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Crowther, F., Kaagan, S., Ferguson, M., & Hann, L. (2004). Developing teacher leaders: How teacher leadership enhances school success. Journal of Educational Administration, 42(4). DOI: 10.1108/09578230410544107
Edoloverio, E., Torres, J., Mira, J., Pajares, R., & Somoza, L. (2025). A global perspective on educational leadership and management beyond the western lens. International Multidisciplinary Journal of Research for Innovation Sustainability and Excellence, 1(12), 71-80. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14275242
Ghazali, M., Ahmad, A., & Mansor, A. (2025). Teacher leadership influencing student leadership: A study in Malaysian fully residential schools. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(11), 1-9. DOI: 10.31893/multiscience.2025533
Groenewald, E., Groenewald, C. A., Dela Cruz, R. A., Uy, F., Kilag, O. K., & Villaver, M. (2024). Navigating educational leadership: Challenges, styles, and impacts - A systematic review. International Multidisciplinary Journal of Research for Innovation, Sustainability, and Excellence, 1(2), 262-267. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378514907_Navigating_Educational_Leadership_Challenges_Styles_and_Impacts_-_A_Systematic_Review
Hairon, S. (2017). Teacher leadership in Singapore: The next wave of effective leadership. Research in Educational Administration & Leadership, 2(2), 170-194. DOI: 10.30828/real/2017.2.3
Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: Reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329-352. DOI: 10.1080/0305764032000122005
Harris, A., & Jones, M. (2022). Teacher leadership and educational change: Mobilising teachers as agents. School Leadership & Management, 42(3), 220–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2021.2009235
Harris, A., Jones, M., & Ismail, N. (2022). Distributed leadership: taking a retrospective and contemporary view of the evidence base. School Leadership & Management, 42(2), 1-19. DOI: 10.1080/13632434.2022.21096
Ibrahim, N. (2018). A case on Tamil education in Malaysia: Is Tamil education being sidelined? SHS Web of Conferences, 53(9), 1-11. DOI: 10.1051/shsconf/20185303006.
Ishak, R., Ismail, K., & Kamaruddin, S. (2020). Professional learning communities in Malaysian schools: A contemporary literature review. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 1535-1541. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.080447
Ismail, S. N., Muhammad, S., Omar, M. N., & Raman, A. (2020). The great challenge of Malaysian school leaders' instructional leadership: Can it affect teachers' functional competency across 21st century education? Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(6), 2436-2443. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.080627
Kamaruzaman, N. L., Musa, K., & Hashim, Z. (2020). Issues and challenges in teacher leadership. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(10), 228 – 237. DOI: 10.47405/mjssh.v5i10.517
Kamrozzaman, N. A., Rahim, R. M. A. A., Thambusamy, M., Elias, S., & Taha, N. (2023). Leadership behavior on teacher’s job satisfaction at Tamil schools in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(2), 1097-1112. DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i2/16385
Katzenmayer, M. & Moller, G. (2001). Awakening the sleeping giant: Helping teachers develop as leaders. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Kesavapany, K., Mani, A., & Ramasamy, P. (2008). Rising India and Indian communities in East Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Kumar, S. & A. Hamid, A. H. (2025). The level of legal literacy in teacher education and its relationship with discipline management in SJKT schools in the Hilir Perak District. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 14(1), 1254-1271. DOI:10.6007/IJARPED/v14-i1/24714
Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2008). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership. School Leadership & Management, 28(1), 27-42. DOI: 10.1080/13632430701800060.
Li, C., Law, E. H.-F., Huang, Y., & Ding, K. (2025). Balancing tradition, reform, and constraints: A study of principal leadership practices in Chinese primary schools. Education Sciences, 15(8), 1-23. DOI: 10.3390/educsci15080988
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
Liu, W. C. (2021). Singapore’s approach to developing teachers: Hindsight, insight, and foresight. Singapore: Taylor & Francis.
Maniam, V., Bleeze, R., & Harrington, I. (2024). Tamil Schools in the Federated Malay States under British Colonial Rule 1895-1941. Social and Education History, 10, 1-18. DOI: 10.17583/hse.14966.
Marimothu, G., Kamaruddin, R., & Abdullah, M. A. R. (2024). Elements of attitude and motivation of SJKT students at form 1 in Malay Language Mastery. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(5), 1729-1740. DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i5/21723.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Wiley.
Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE). (2013). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013–2025. Putrajaya: Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE).
Mohd Isa, A., Mydin, A. A., & Abdullah, A. (2021). Road to school transformation 2025: A systematic literature review on teacher autonomy in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(3), 35-45. DOI: 10.6007/IJARPED/v10-i3/10710.
Mohd Razali, M. N. & Abd Hamid, A. H. (2022). Culturally responsive leadership in Malaysian small schools context: A preliminary survey. Akademika, 92(Special Edition), 71-80. DOI: 10.17576/akad-2022-92IK1-06
Mohd Tahir, L., Samah, N. A., Mohd Anis, S. N., & Ali, M. F., (2021). Implementing teacher leadership in Malaysian schools: Exploring secondary principals’ perspectives. Management in Education, 38(1), 5-21. DOI: 10.1177/08920206211053099
Mokhlis, S. & Abdullah, A. H. (2025). The impact of teacher empowerment on schools’ innovation climate. Journal of Education and Learning, 19(1), 322-329. DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21633
Muijs, D., Reynolds, D., & Kyriakides, L. (2015). The scientific properties of teacher effects/effective teaching processes. In D. Reynolds & S. R. Y. Loh (Eds.), The Routledge International Handbook of Educational Effectiveness and Improvement (pp. 24). New York: Routledge.
Nelikan, P. & Yuet, F. (2023). Professional learning community as a predictable factor of teacher leadership competency among SJKT Teachers, TS25. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 12(3). DOI: 10.6007/IJARPED/v12-i3/19224
Nguyen, C., Huynh, T., & Hai Tran, N. (2022). Overcoming contextual constraints: implementing classroom pedagogical innovation through teacher leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 28(1), 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/13603124.2021.2013543
Palinkas, L., Horwitz, S., Green, C., Wisdom, J., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2013). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 1-13. DOI: 10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Parai, J. & Alias, B. (2025). Principals’ transformational leadership practices and their relationship with teachers blended teaching in rural schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 14(1), 1037-1050. DOI: 10.6007/IJARPED/v14-i1/24711
Raman, S. & Sua, T. (2010). Ethnic segregation in Malaysia's education system: Enrolment choices, preferential policies and desegregation. Paedagogica Historica, 46, 117-31. DOI: 10.1080/00309230903528496.
Rathakrishnan, B., Sanu, M. E., George, S., Koay, T., Yahaya, A., Bikar Singh, S. S., Singh, B., & Kamaluddin, M. (2019). Emotional intelligence and psychological well-being of rural school students in Malaysia. EC Psychology and Psychiatry, 8(6), 440-444. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341277551_Emotional_Intelligence_and_Psychological_Well- Being_of_Rural_School_Students_in_Malaysia/link/5eb7c1584585152169c1446c/download?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIn19
Saad, N., Sankaran, S., & Ramanathan, R. (2025). the influence of transformational leadership of headmasters on teacher innovation behavior at Tamil primary schools in the Kuala Muda Yan district, Kedah. International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences, 8(29), 45-55. DOI: 10.35631/IJMTSS.829004
Salleh, M. & Hatta, M. (2019). Best practices for promoting teachers’ professional development in Malaysia. UMT Education Review, 2(2). 01-26. DOI: 10.32350/uer.22.01
Salleh, R. & Woollard, J. (2025). Inclusive education: Equality and equity (Teachers' views about inclusive education in Malaysia's primary schools). Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara, 12(Special Issue), 72-83. DOI: 10.37134/bitara.vol12.sp.8.2019.
Sariakin, S., Yeni. M., Usman, M. B., Mare, A. S., Munzir, M., & Saleh, M. (2025). Fostering a productive educational environment: The roles of leadership, management practices, and teacher motivation. Frontiers in Education, 2, 1-12. DOI: 10.3389/feduc.2025.1499064
Selvadurai, S., Liu, O. P., Mohd Radzi, M., Hoon, O. P., Tee, O. P., & Saibeh, B. (2015). Debating education for nation building in Malaysia: National school persistence or vernacular school resistance? Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 11(3), 14-23. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/9767/1/2x.geografia-dec15-siva-bi-edam1.pdf
Sivalingam, A. D. (2021). History of Malaysian Education System: Year 1824 to 2025. Social Sciences Education eJournal, 4(7), 1-12. http://eprints.iab.edu.my/v2/1117/1/History%20of%20Malaysian%20Education%20System1824%20to%202025.pdf
Tharani, L., Ong, Z., Nik, M. F., Chan, D. Z., & Majid, H. (2023). Barriers and facilitators to education access for marginalized non-citizen children in Malaysia: A qualitative study. PLOS ONE, 18(6), 1-24. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286793.
Thiruchelvan, K., Kadir, S. Basri, R., & Mohd Ayub, A. F. (2020). Influence of school culture and climate in Tamil schools, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(5), 1-12. 10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i5/7167.
Thumbarayan, K., Mohd Kamaruzaman, F., & Omar, M. (2023). Issues and challenges of integrating technology in teaching and learning among teachers in national type Tamil school (NTTS). International Journal of Education, 15(4), 1-17. DOI: 10.5296/ije.v15i4.21535.
Van Nuland, S. (2025). A world assembly of teacher educators: Global perspectives from ICET. Journal of Education for Teaching, 51(3), 413–416. DOI: 10.1080/02607476.2025.2479300
Vasuhi, R. & Rajasekar, F. (2024). The role of Tamil in education: A comprehensive analysis. Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities, 11(1), 235-238. DOI: 10.34293/sijash.v11iS1.7754
Wenner, J. A., & Campbell, T. (2017). The theoretical and empirical basis of teacher leadership: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 87(1), 134-171. DOI: 10.3102/0034654316653478
Winkler, I. (2010). Contemporary leadership theories: Enhancing the understanding of the complexity, subjectivity and dynamic of leadership. Berlin: Physica-Verlag.
Xueying, Y., Arshad, M. A., & Lihua, H. (2025). Teacher e-leadership in the digital age: A systematic review of research and practice. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(5), 1118-1130. DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i5/25494
York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 255-316. DOI: 10.3102/00346543074003255
Yu, L., & Luen, L. (2025). Teacher leadership development in exam-oriented education under multicultural contexts: A comparative study between China and Malaysia with systemic implications. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 14(3), 1340-1353. DOI: 10.6007/IJARPED/v14-i3/26214
Zarin, N., Kaur, K., Ismail, S., Choong, Y., & Siong, C. (2022). A call for a new stress index for Malaysian teachers: A systematic review of studies of stress among teachers in Malaysia. World Journal of English Language, 12(2), 202-214. DOI: 10.5430/wjel.v12n2p202.
Zhao, Z., Saidin, K., & Jaafar, F. (2025). The influence of transformational leadership on teacher job performance. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 15(1), 332-344. DOI: 10.51983/ijiss-2025.IJISS.15.1.43.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Grace Anne, Zaheril Zainudin (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.








